Getting your hands on free software may seem attractive, but is often dangerous.
Employees welcome opportunities to improve their work and benefit their employers. This can include downloading free versions of apparently useful apps that normally require a paid license to use. Sadly, many of these are pirated and / or cracked versions containing malware.
Barracuda reports, “Over the last month, Barracuda’s SOC tools and analysts have detected multiple instances of users trying to download and activate pirate or cracked versions of software and unauthorized installers onto corporate endpoints.”
These are apps not included in the company’s ‘allowed software list’. The employee understands he or she is doing something illicit, so disguises, or at least doesn’t highlight the activity. If the installation process requests that anti-virus should be turned off, it may be accepted as part of the process of quietly installing an unsanctioned app.
But the process is likely to be installing more than the app. While it might indicate normal installation, it may also quietly be installing malware that could hide itself before the anti-virus is turned back on. “Pirate (illegally copied) and cracked (tampered) versions of software often include malicious content and can lead to malware infections, credential theft, cryptominers, session hijacking, software compromise, ransomware and more,” warns Barracuda.
If the malware is an infostealer, it could activate, perform its purpose and be gone before it can be detected.
The best defense is prevention. Recognizing warning signs such as unexpected executables in user accessible locations, such as ‘Downloads’ folders could be a red flag. But executables are likely to be given unsuspicious names, deliberately chosen to sound legitimate and look reassuring and routine. Activate.exe, activate.x86.exe and activate.x64.exe are typical examples.
“In most malicious cases, ‘activate.exe’ doesn’t actually activate anything. Instead, it loads malware, droppers that can install additional malware, or acts as a wrap for launching hidden payloads,” warns Barracuda.
This is social engineering with an advantage. Any employee that takes the bait (intending only to benefit the company with an improved work rate) is likely to assist the attacker in the delivery before it quietly drops the payload.
Cleaning the system after infection can be complex. The original rogue software and activator files should be removed, and the installer, crack, keygen and extracted folders should be deleted. Scan for any malware (while understanding that it may be too late to find all of it) and undo any licensing bypass changes.
It is probable that the device will need to be reimaged or rebuilt; for example, if system files or core application binaries were replaced, or you cannot confidently undo all changes made by the crack.
Detection and prevention is required before the malware payload is triggered. Recovery is complex and tedious. What is clear is that none of this may be fully realizable without technology assistance. Detection and prevention would benefit from behavioral analysis, while recovery requires assistance rather than reliance on obvious visibility.
“Employees downloading free, unofficial or unlicensed software to their company devices represent a major security risk, as they can become the entry points for serious security incidents,” says Laila Mubashar, senior cybersecurity analyst at Barracuda. “Organizations urgently need to put safeguards in place to protect employees from themselves.”
In short, preventing of the consequence of pirated apps focuses on the same requirements for limiting any social engineering: user awareness training to recognize the threat; good management/staff communication channels (in this case so that employees can voice their wishes and management can consider adding the desired app to its ‘allowed’ list; and technology backup for detecting unusual behavior and blocking and if necessary cleaning up after installation.
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